The German Empire was actually a federal state consisting of various German kingdoms, duchies and principalities. Prussia was the leading kingdom in terms of physical size, resources, and political stature followed by Bavaria. As part of the uniform, two cockades were worn on various headgear: the national or Reichskokade and the one for the individual kingdom, duchy, or principality. You will typically find these on Picklehauben and Feldmützen. Below is a chart illustrating the various cockades: